Factores de riesgo del síndrome de túnel del carpo en usuarios de sillas de ruedas
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Introducción: El síndrome de túnel de carpo es una neuropatía del nervio mediano muy frecuente en la población. Para los usuarios de sillas de ruedas hay mayor riesgo biomecánico por utilizar reiteradamente la muñeca en la propulsión de este vehículo.
Objetivo: Analizar los factores biomecánicos de la silla de ruedas que inciden en el desarrollo del síndrome de túnel del carpo.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática con términos Mesh en bases de datos como Embase, Pubmed, Google Acedemics, Scielo desde 1988 hasta 2021. Se revisaron más de 200 artículos y por su impacto clínico, se seleccionaron 52 para la revisión.
Resultados: El 43 % de los usuarios de silla de ruedas presentan dolor en la muñeca y prevalece como diagnóstico el síndrome de túnel del carpo. La posición de la muñeca en la propulsión genera un aumento de presión en el túnel carpiano lo que condiciona la lesión del nervio mediano. Existen factores de riesgo como el género femenino, las pendientes, el terreno irregular, la vibración, la altura del asiento y el peso del paciente. Entender correctamente las fases de la autopropulsión con sus cuatro patrones, más una prescripción adecuada y los aditamentos necesarios para la silla de ruedas pueden disminuir el riesgo de padecer el síndrome de túnel del carpo.
Conclusión: Es importante involucrar de manera activa a los profesionales de la salud en la implementación de estrategias para el entrenamiento, prescripción y uso correcto de la silla de ruedas y con ello prevenir el padecimiento de el síndrome de túnel carpiano.
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