Bases biológicas del proceso de consolidación ósea y su relación con la estabilidad biomecánica
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Introducción: La curación de las fracturas diafisarias es un mecanismo complejo, regulado por factores anatómicos, biológicos y mecánicos. El daño a los tejidos blandos, las fracturas abiertas y otros factores del paciente aumentan el riesgo de deterioro de la curación. La regeneración ósea representa un desafío único, tanto para los médicos como para los científicos.
Objetivo: Revisar las bases biológicas y mecánicas de la osteogénesis reparadora después del tratamiento de las fracturas de los huesos largos.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica retrospectiva de artículos sobre los avances científicos más recientes relacionados con el proceso de las bases biológicas en el proceso de la consolidación ósea.
Desarrollo: La reparación de fracturas implica la regeneración espontánea de tejidos, incluidos los vasos sanguíneos y los huesos, para restaurar los tejidos lesionados a su estado previo a la lesión y recuperar su estabilidad mecánica. El tipo de vía de curación (directa o indirecta) depende del patrón de fractura y de la estabilidad biomecánica del sitio de la fractura.
Conclusiones: El tratamiento de fracturas diafisarias constituye un problema, que involucra tanto al cirujano ortopédico como al paciente. El conocimiento de los principios básicos de la biología y la biomecánica de la consolidación ósea resultan fundamentales para elegir el mejor tratamiento según el tipo de fractura y el paciente.
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