Nanofractura en las lesiones de cartílago
Palabras clave:
defecto de cartílago, nanofractura, microfractura, técnicas de estimulación, artroplastia de abrasión, perforaciones.Resumen
Introducción: Las lesiones de los cartílagos de la rodilla resultan frecuentes y obedecen a múltiples causas. El tratamiento se considera desafiante debido al pobre potencial de reparación de las células de este tejido. Las nanofracturas constituyen técnicas quirúrgicas que estimulan la cicatrización.
Objetivo: Describir los elementos más importantes sobre la técnica de nanofracturas en pacientes con lesiones de cartílago.
Métodos: La búsqueda y el análisis de la información se hicieron en 62 días. Se emplearon los siguientes términos: articular cartilage defects, microfractures, nanofractures, chondral lesions, bone marrow stimulation techniques, drilling, cartilage lesions fractures. Se revisaron 311 artículos en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO y Medline mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote.
Desarrollo: Se refiere la incidencia de pacientes con lesiones de cartílago, y se señalan los procedimientos de reparación para conservar la placa subcondral y su evolución histórica. También se exponen las diferencias entre nano y microfracturas, y se describen la técnica y el instrumental para realizar el procedimiento.
Conclusiones: La nanofractura constituye una técnica útil, fácil de aplicar con resultados más prometedores que los de otras técnicas con similares indicaciones. Se emplea por la artrotomía o la vía artroscópica.
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