Estudio comparativo entre abordaje anterior y posterior en artroplastias totales de cadera
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Introducción: La existencia de un abordaje quirúrgico óptimo resulta controversial, entre otras causas, por la diferencia clínica en la recuperación funcional temprana.
Objetivo: Comparar la efectividad de los abordajes anterior y posterior de la artroplastia primaria total de la cadera al año de la intervención.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio aleatorizado, comparativo prospectivo, en el Hospital “Beijing Jishuitan”, desde septiembre de 2019 hasta marzo de 2021, con pacientes operados de artroplastia total de cadera y seguimiento de un año.
Resultados: Predominaron el sexo femenino y el grupo etario de 45 a 60 años, sin diferencia significativa de localización de la cadera intervenida. El índice de masa corporal resultó bajo, y hubo escaso riesgo anestésico y sangrado operatorio. En el abordaje anterior se utilizó más tiempo quirúrgico que en el posterior. Se logró una adecuada colocación del componente acetabular y del femoral; esto permitió que la deambulación iniciara en menos de tres días en el abordaje anterior, y de cuatro días en el posterior. Se presentaron pocas complicaciones.
Conclusiones: El tipo de abordaje se define por el cirujano. La evaluación al año del abordaje anterior y el posterior se considera buena.
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Referencias
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