Surgical treatment of coronal plane angular deformities of the knee in patients with immature skeleton
Keywords:
varus genus, valgus genus, immature skeleton, hemiepiphysiodesisAbstract
Introduction: Varus and valgus are angular deformities in the coronal plane of the knee. They occur in pediatric patients and, if not corrected, can lead to osteoarthritis of the lower limb joints.
Objective: To describe the surgical treatment methods for coronal plane angular deformities of the knee in patients with an immature skeleton.
Method: A systemic search was conducted in PubMed, Medscape, Google Academics, Scopus, and Webs of Science databases from January 2021 to date on angular deformities of the knee in children and surgical treatment methods to correct them. Previous literature was not rulled out because it enriched knowledge on the subject.
Results: Hemiepiphysiodesis is used to treat coronal plane deformities of the knee in patients with immature skeletons. They are divided into irreversible and reversible. The first type should be performed close to physeal closure and their main surgical techniques are Phemister, Bowen and Metaizeau; while the reversible ones are performed in patients with greater remaining growth and use Blount, Stevens and Martinez as surgical techniques.
Conclusions: Hemiepiphysiodesis is the surgical treatment of choice for pathologies in patients with immature skeleton. Irreversible ones avoid complications such as overcorrection. Reversible ones require another surgery to remove the implant once the deformity has been corrected.
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