The importance of toe and flow for partial metatarsectomy

Authors

Keywords:

diabetic foot, amputation, toe and flow, treatment

Abstract

Introduction: Prolonged diabetes can cause peripheral neuropathy. This reduces foot sensation, leads to ulcerations and peripheral arterial disease, which compromises vascularization and can cause ischemia. The podiatrist is essential for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of complications arising from the diabetic foot.

Objectives: To establish the importance of the podiatrist in the management of the diabetic foot.

Case report: We report the case of a 68-year-old man who presented with a neuropathic ulcer on the head of the fifth metatarsal. Due to the failure of conservative treatment, a metatarsectomy of the fifth metatarsal was performed under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. The case resolved successfully, with complete ulcer closure three months after the procedure.

Conclusions: The current trend of the Toe and Flow Theory validates the importance of proper management of foot disorders by a specialized podiatrist and a vascular surgeon.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Ana María Rayo Pérez, Universidad de Sevilla

Máster en Cirugía del Pie. Especialista en Patología Ungueal. Grado en Podología

Damaris Buzón Pérez, Universidad de Sevilla

Grado en Podología

Francisco Javier Rodríguez Castillo, Universidad de Sevilla

Máster Oficial en Nuevas Tendencias Asistenciales en Ciencias de la Salud. Especialista en Patología Ungueal. Grado en Podología

References

1. Armstrong DG, Tan TW, Boulton AJM, Bus SA. Diabetic foot ulcers: A review. JAMA. 2023;330(1):62-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.10578

2. Reardon R, Simring D, Kim B, Mortensen J, Williams D, Leslie A. The diabetic foot ulcer. Aust J Gen Pract. 2020;49(5):250-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31128/ajgp-11-19-5161

3. Lim JZ, Ng NS, Thomas C. Prevention and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. J R Soc Med. 2017;110(3):104-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076816688346

4. Brocco E, Ninkovic S, Marin M, Whisstock C, Bruseghin M, Boschetti G, et al. Diabetic foot management: Multidisciplinary approach for advanced lesion rescue. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2018;59(5):670-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23736/s0021-9509.18.10606-9

5. Rehman ZU, Khan J, Noordin S. Diabetic foot ulcers: Contemporary assessment and management. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023;73(7):1480-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.6634%20

6. Pérez-Panero AJ, Ruiz-Muñoz M, Cuesta-Vargas AI, González-Sánchez M. Prevention, assessment, diagnosis and management of diabetic foot based on clinical practice guidelines: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(35). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000016877

7. Schaper NC, van Netten JJ, Apelqvist J, Bus SA, Hinchliffe RJ, Lipsky BA, et al. Practical guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease (IWGDF 2019 update). Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2020;36(Suppl 1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3266

8. Conte MS, Bradbury AW, Kolh P, White JV, Dick F, Fitridge R, et al. Global vascular guidelines on the management of chronic limb-threatening ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2019;69(6s):3S-125S.e40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.02.016

9. Boulton AJM, Armstrong DG, Kirsner RS, Attinger CE, Lavery LA, Lipsky BA, et al. Diagnosis and management of diabetic foot complications. Am Diab Assoc. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/db20182-1

10. Sorber R, Abularrage CJ. Diabetic foot ulcers: Epidemiology and the role of multidisciplinary care teams. Semin Vasc Surg. 2021;34(1):47-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2021.02.006

11. Peters EJG, Lipsky BA, Senneville É, Abbas ZG, Aragón-Sánchez J, Diggle M, et al. Interventions in the management of infection in the foot in diabetes: A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2020;36(Suppl 1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3282

12. Raja JM, Maturana MA, Kayali S, Khouzam A, Efeovbokhan N. Diabetic foot ulcer: A comprehensive review of pathophysiology and management modalities. World J Clin Cases. 2023;11(8):1684-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v11.i8.1684

13. Rogers LC, Andros G, Caporusso J, Harkless LB, Mills JL Sr, Armstrong DG. Toe and flow: Essential components and structure of the amputation prevention team. J Vasc Surg. 2010;52(3 Suppl):23S-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2010.06.004

14. Armstrong DG, Bharara M, White M, Lepow B, Bhatnagar S, Fisher T, et al. The impact and outcomes of establishing an integrated interdisciplinary surgical team to care for the diabetic foot. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2012;28(6):514-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2299

15. Jeffcoate WJ, Vileikyte L, Boyko EJ, Armstrong DG, Boulton AJM. Current challenges and opportunities in the prevention and management of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(4):645-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-1836

Published

2025-12-06

How to Cite

1.
Rayo Pérez AM, Buzón Pérez D, Rodríguez Castillo FJ. The importance of toe and flow for partial metatarsectomy. Revista Cubana de Ortopedia y Traumatologí­a [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 6 [cited 2026 Mar. 3];39. Available from: https://revortopedia.sld.cu/index.php/revortopedia/article/view/940

Issue

Section

Presentación de casos