Empleo del videolaringoscopio VALOR en pacientes con patologías de la columna cervical
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Introducción: Los pacientes con patologías de la columna cervical constituyen la población de mayor riesgo durante la intubación traqueal, pues la fuerza de tracción o el movimiento generado en la laringoscopía puede lesionar las estructuras neuroaxiales.
Objetivo: Caracterizar la intubación traqueal con el videolaringoscopio VALOR en pacientes quirúrgicos con patologías de la columna cervical.
Métodos: Se empleó el videolaringoscopio VALOR en pacientes quirúrgicos con patologías de la columna cervical a partir del estudio piloto del proyecto institucional VALOR (Videolaringoscopio ArtesanaL para entOrnos de Recursos limitados), realizado en el Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación del Complejo Científico Ortopédico Internacional “Frank País”, desde septiembre de 2022 hasta enero de 2024.
Resultados: La intubación traqueal resultó efectiva en la totalidad de los pacientes (n = 20), en un tiempo promedio de 54 segundos. El 85 % requirió un solo intento de intubación, con una visión adecuada de la glotis. Como eventos adversos se registraron la taquicardia refleja (35 %) y el traumatismo faríngeo leve (5 %), sin implicaciones perioperatorias. Predominaron las maniobras de manipulación laríngea externa (95 %), el uso de bougie (100 %), la elevación indirecta de la epiglotis (70 %) y la preferencia de la espátula hiperangulada (80 %).
Conclusiones: El empleo del videolaringoscopio VALOR permitió la intubación traqueal efectiva en pacientes con patologías de la columna cervical, en un tiempo breve, con una visualización endoscópica óptima y una baja incidencia de eventos adversos.
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