Dolor de hombro y discinesia escapular en nadadores: una revisión narrativa
Palabras clave:
hombro, nadadores, escápula, discinesia, dolorResumen
Introducción: La natación, deporte que demanda movimientos repetitivos por encima de la cabeza, genera una elevada carga biomecánica sobre la articulación glenohumeral. Esta sobrecarga funcional se asocia frecuentemente con dos condiciones clínicas: el síndrome de dolor de hombro del nadador y la discinesia escapular.
Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática pretende analizar críticamente la evidencia disponible sobre la etiología multifactorial, factores de riesgo, manifestaciones clínicas y abordajes terapéuticos de estas afecciones en población nadadora.
Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed, Scopus y Google Scholar (marzo 2023), incluyendo artículos en inglés publicados entre 1980-2022. Los criterios de selección priorizaron estudios observacionales y ensayos clínicos con revisión por pares.
Conclusiones: Los hallazgos demuestran que estas alteraciones musculoesqueléticas impactan significativamente tanto en el rendimiento deportivo como en la calidad de vida. Aunque las intervenciones multimodales (ejercicio terapéutico, terapia manual y, en casos refractarios, cirugía) muestran eficacia clínica, se evidencia una limitación metodológica en los estudios disponibles. Esta brecha de conocimiento subraya la necesidad de investigaciones futuras con diseños robustos que optimicen los protocolos diagnósticos y terapéuticos.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Tiziano Preziosi Standoli, Francesco Fratalocchi, Jacopo Preziosi Standoli
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
