Abordajes quirúrgicos para el extremo distal del radio
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Introducción: Las fracturas del radio distal se encuentran entre las más comunes y deben incrementarse por su relación con el envejecimiento poblacional. Su tratamiento quirúrgico ha aumentado gracias a un mejor conocimiento de la anatomía, la introducción de nuevos implantes y los beneficios de la movilización precoz.
Objetivo: Revisar la anatomía regional del radio distal, la articulación de la muñeca y los actuales abordajes quirúrgicos para esta región.
Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed con los términos: anatomía del radio distal, anatomía de la muñeca, abordajes quirúrgicos para radio distal, fracturas de radio distal. Se revisaron artículos del servicio ClinicalKey e Hinari.
Desarrollo: El extremo óseo distal del radio posee 5 superficies; los tendones y numerosas estructuras vasculonerviosas obligan a un conocimiento profundo. Existen múltiples abordajes quirúrgicos para el adecuado manejo de las fracturas del extremo distal del radio.
Conclusiones: Los abordajes quirúrgicos para el radio distal pueden ser volares, radiales y dorsales. La visualización de la superficie articular se logra mejor artroscópicamente. Cada abordaje requiere una comprensión profunda de la anatomía local del radio distal para poder disecar y exponer las fracturas.Palabras clave
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