Sistemas de instrumentación espinal en la corrección de la cifosis toracolumbar por espondilitis anquilopoyética
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Introducción: En pocas áreas de la cirugía ortopédica se han producido cambios técnicos tan importantes en las últimas décadas como en la cirugía correctora espinal. Los cambios fundamentales han sobrevenido con los nuevos sistemas de instrumentación espinal, que se han modificado y mejorado sustancialmente para facilitar la corrección tridimensional de la deformidad y aportar fijación segura de la columna, corrección y estabilidad. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados alcanzados con los sistemas de instrumentación espinal utilizados en la corrección de la cifosis toracolumbar por espondilitis anquilopoyética.
Método: Se realizó un estudio tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal a 16 pacientes con cifosis toracolumbar por espondilitis anquilopoyética intervenidos con la técnica de osteotomía de sustracción pedicular e instrumentados con sistemas pediculares y sublaminar tipo Luque, en el servicio de Ortopedia del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico “Hermanos Ameijeiras”, durante el período comprendido entre marzo de 2001 y marzo de 2021.
Resultados: La totalidad de los pacientes correspondieron al sexo masculino, color de la piel blanca y edad promedio de 39 años. Se logró más del 80 % de corrección en el perfil sagital y un promedio de 34,3° por osteotomía, sin complicaciones neurológicas mayores. Se obtuvo un buen resultado funcional, con un alto grado de satisfacción de los pacientes y mejora de su calidad de vida.
Conclusiones: La utilización de ambos sistemas instrumentación espinal es eficaz para mantener la corrección de la cifosis toracolumbar por espondilitis anquilopoyética.Palabras clave
Referencias
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