Menisco discoide

Alejandro Álvarez López, Valentina Valdebenito Aceitón, Sergio Ricardo Soto Carrasco

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Resumen

Introducción: El menisco discoide se presenta con dolor y resalte en la articulación de la rodilla. Para confirmar su diagnóstico los exámenes imagenológicos resultan de gran utilidad y el tratamiento se realiza mediante la vía artroscópica.

Objetivos: Actualizar y brindar información sobre pacientes con menisco discoide.

Métodos: La búsqueda y el análisis de la información se realizaron durante 61 días. Se emplearon los siguientes términos: pediatric meniscus pathology, discoid meniscus, y snapping knee syndrome. Se revisaron 187 artículos en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO y Medline mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote.

Desarrollo: Se hace referencia al cuadro clínico e imagenológico desde la radiografía simple hasta la imagen de resonancia magnética, en cada caso se muestran las características específicas de esta entidad articular. Se mencionan los cuidados posoperatorios y los factores pronósticos a considera en este grupo de enfermos.

Conclusiones: El menisco discoide constituye una entidad que predispone a la rotura de esta estructura por sus características histológicas y su forma geométrica. El diagnóstico se basa en tres pilares fundamentales: el clínico, el imagenológico y el artroscópico. Este último permite evaluar, de forma dinámica, la estabilidad, y aplicar varios procedimientos como la meniscectomía parcial.


Palabras clave

menisco discoide; enfermedad meniscal; resalte articular; síndrome de resalte; cirugía artroscópica.

Referencias

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